Biblioteka Uniwersytecka

Introduzione . . XI
Un'operazione antiquaria e repressiva? . . XI
Anticipazione del percorso . . XVI
Qualche avvertenza . . XIX
Ringraziamenti . . XX

I. Perché un 'etica della virtù ? Lo 'status quaestionis ' . . 3
E necessario un 'telos' delle norme . . 3
Preservare l'amore e l'amicizia . . 5
Le norme etiche non bastano per agire bene . . 9
Prendere in considerazione il ruolo delle emozioni . . 17
Mettere in luce l'importanza della comunità . . 19
In sintesi: un'etica delle virtù . . 20

II. Emozioni e ragione . . 23
L'emozionalismo .. 23
Excursus: sensazioni corporee, umori, emozioni, sentimenti . . 32
Differenze tra emozioni e sentimenti . . 43
Un tentativo di valutazione dell'emozionalismo . . 47
Le emozioni supportano la ragion pratica morale . . 49
Le emozioni supportano la ragione teoretica . . 54
Non bisogna abdicare alle emozioni . . 57
Regolazione delle emozioni . . 69
Il cuore ha sempre ragione? . . 75
La virtù è l'armonia tra ragione, volontà e passioni . . 77
Cenni sulla libertà . . 82
La cogitativa . . 84
Obiezioni dei deontologi alle emozioni . . 88

III. Il soggetto come totalità . . 91
Soggetto come totalità o come fascio di emozioni/percezioni? . . 91
Le azioni non sono irrelate . . 96
La dimensione etica dell'esistenza: dove si colloca lo spazio delle virtù? . . 101

IV. Ontologia della virtù . . 107
Facoltà, capacità, tratti del carattere, attitudini, atteggiamenti . . 107
L'«uniformità» della virtù . . 110
Il «fine» dell'agire virtuoso . . 112
Le condizioni dell'azione virtuosa e il «giusto mezzo»  . . 114
La valutazione morale dell'agire (e il peso delle conseguenze) . . 116
Valore e merito degli atti virtuosi . . 119
Spontaneità e piacevolezza dell'agire virtuoso . . 122
Il nesso tra virtù e felicità . . 125
La virtù come attuazione perfettiva . . 131
Parlare di virtù implica intolleranza? . . 132
La bellezza della virtù . . 135
Educazione al bello e virtù . . 140
Le virtù dianoetiche e l'eticità dei loro atti . . 147

V. Virtù come 'ordo amorìs' . . 151
Primato genetico e immanenza dell'amore in ogni passione e in ogni azione . . 151
I criteri deir'ordo amoris' . . 154
La virtù come ' ardo amoris . . 156
Amore di sé/degli altri: quale ha la precedenza? . . 167
Egoismo o altruismo dell'etica della virtù? . . 170
Virtù e amore di Dio . . 171
Inclinazioni, virtù e norme della legge naturale . . 177

VI. La 'phronesis' . . 181
Ragion pratica virtuosa e norme . . 181
Identità e attività della ragion pratica virtuosa . . 189
Gli atti specifici della phronesis . . 195

VII. Il sillogismo pratico e le virtù . . 197
Il sillogismo pratico del temperante, dell'intemperante e dell'incontinente . . 198
Il rapporto virtù etiche-phronesis e l'unità delle virtù . . 201

VIII. Esistono i tratti del carattere? Alcune obiezioni del situazionismo . . 209
Alcune obiezioni della psicologia sociale . . 209
Le disposizioni esistono . . 211

IX. Come si individuano e come nascono le virtù e le azioni virtuose? . . 217
Breve fenomenologia dell'universalismo etico . . 218
Genesi della conoscenza morale, del ragionamento pratico e delle azioni virtuos3 . . 229
Genesi della condotta virtuosa . . 249
Gli ostacoli all'acquisizione delle virtù e all'apprensione dei principi morali . . 253
L'influsso della relazione intersoggettiva, dell'educazione e delle comunità . . 265

Bibliografìa . . 265

Zur Einführung : Ein Optimist in Dantes Hölle  - Jözef Tischners Versuch, die Menschlichkeit zu denken . . 9

Vorwort . . 33
1. Ein Rundgang mit Aussicht - auf das Böse . . 35
2. Das Drama der Leiblichkeit . . 94
3. Zeit des Leibes - Zeit des Menschen . . 129
4. Aus der Geschichte des Gnadenproblems . . 152
5. Die Heilsordnung . . 190
6. Die Person im Drama . . 241
7. Ein ontologischer Beweis für die Existenz des Menschen . . 289
8. Die Freiheit als Seinsweise des Guten . . 316

Personenverzeichnis . . 363

FOREWORD . . ix
MAP . . xiii

CHAPTER ONE: FOOD IS LOVE . . 1
What I Learned about Peace while Being Carried on My Father's Back . . 2
The Joy of Giving Food to Others . . 8
Being a Friend to All . . 12
A Definite Compass for My Life . . 16
Stubborn Child Who Never Gives Up . . 23
Loving Nature to Learn from It . . 29
Talking about the Universe with the Insects . . 37
Ardent Student . . 41

CHAPTER TWO: MY HEART FLOWS WITH A RIVER OF TEARS . . 45
Between Fear and Inspiration . . 46
The More It Hurts, the More You Should Love . . 51
A Knife Not Sharpened Grows Dull . . 56
A Key to Unlock a Great Secret . . 61
Like a Fireball Burning Hot . . 66
Befriending Laborers by Sharing Their Suffering . . 69
The Calm Sea of the Heart . . 75
"Please Don't Die" . . 78
A Command That Must Be Obeyed . . 84
A Grain of Rice Is Greater Than the Earth . . 93
Heungnam Prison in the Snow . . 98
U.N. Forces Open the Prison Gate . . 103

CHAPTER THREE: INTERNAL RICHES THROUGH STRUGGLES AND SUFFERING . . 109
"You Are My Spiritual Teacher" . . 110
The Crazy, Handsome Man by the Well . . 115
A Church with No Denomination . . 119
Two Universities Expel Students and Professors . . 124
New Buds Grow on Scorched Branches . . 128
We Are Trained by Our Wounds . . 132
A Sincere Heart Is Most Important . . 135

CHAPTER FOUR: LAUNCHING OUR GLOBAL MISSION . . 143
Following God's Path with No Thought for My Life . . 144
Money Earned Honorably, Used Prayerfully . . 148
Power of Dance Moves the World . . 151
Angels Open a Path through a Dark Forest . . 154
World Tour . . 158

Ph 1 -18 PHOTOS FROM MY LIFE

Last Plane to America . . 161
Our Future Lies with the Ocean . . 167
My Hope for a New American Revolution . . 172
Washington Monument, 1976 . . 176
"Shed Tears for the World, Not for Me" . . 182
"Why Does My Father Have to Go to Jail?" . . 185

CHAPTER FIVE: LOVING FAMILIES CAN CHANGE THE WORLD . . 189
My Wife, Hak Ja Han Moon . . 190
An Incomparable Inner Beauty . . 196
Promises That Must Never Be Broken . . 202
To Love Is to Give and Forget . . 207
The Peaceful Family Is the Building Block of Heaven . . 211
Ten Years of Tears Melt a Father-in-Laws Heart . . 218
True Love Is Found in True Families . . 222
Leaving Behind a Legacy of Love . . 226

CHAPTER SIX: LOVE WILL BRING UNIFICATION . . 233
The Power of Religion to Turn People to Goodness . . 234
The River Does Not Reject the Waters That Flow into It . . 241
"Allow Freedom of Religion in the Soviet Union" . . 245
Korea's Unification Will Bring World Unification . . 252
My Meeting with President Kim II Sung . . 257
The Land May Be Divided, but Not Its People . . 263
Not by Guns or Swords, but by True Love . . 270

CHAPTER SEVEN: FUTURE OF KOREA, FUTURE OF THE WORLD . . 275
Global Harmony Starts on the Korean Peninsula . . 276
From Suffering and Tears to Peace and Love . . 282
The Goal of Twenty-first Century Religion . . 286
Cultural Projects Express God's Creativity . . 291
Master of the Seas and the Future of the World . . 297
Great Opportunity in the Oceanic Era . . 301
A Single Dandelion Is More Precious Than Gold . . 307
Solution to Poverty and Hunger . . 312
Going Beyond Charity to End Hunger . . 317

CHAPTER EIGHT: NEW VISION FOR YOUTH . . 321
Find Your Purpose, Change Your Life . . 322
Embrace the World . . 326
Everything We Have Is Borrowed from Heaven . . 331
Happiness Is a Life Lived for Others . . 335
Dreaming of a Peaceful World . . 339

INDEX

INTRODUCTION - CIRCLING MARILYN . . 7

CHAPTER I - TEXT
Everybody's Marilyn . . 13
DiMaggio and Marilyn . . 26
Miller and Marilyn . . 40

CHAPTER II - BODY
Marilyn's Bodies . . 53
The Disciplined Body . . 57
The Mirroring Body . . 63
The Communicative Body . . 66
The Fin de Siecle Body . . 70

CHAPTER III - MARILYN PERFORMING
Oates's Actress . . 75
Ethnic Marilyn . . 85
Natural Marilyn . . 96

CHAPTER IV - PERFORMING MARILYN
Be Marilyn! . . 111
Madonna's Marilyn . . 123
Gay Marilyn . . 129

POSTSCRIPT . . 141
NOTES . . 147
WORKS CITED . . 167

Preface . . X
Acknowledgment . . XIX
Introduction . . XX

Chapter 1 - The Physics of Operation of Gaseous Detectors and their Main Designs . . 1
1. INTRODUCTION: ELECTRON MULTIPLIERS . . 1
2. CREATION OF PRIMARY ELECTRONS INSIDE GASEOUS DETECTORS BY CHARGED PARTICLES . . 2
3. CREATION OF PRIMARY ELECTRONS IN GASEOUS DETECTORS BY ENERGETIC PHOTONS . . 4
4. DIFFUSION . . 10
5. AVALANCHE MULTIPLICATION . . 12
6. TRADITIONAL GASEOUS DETECTORS . . 15
7. CONCLUSIVE REMARKS . . 26
8. DISCHARGES IN GASEOUS DETECTORS . . 26

Chapter 2 - Microstrip Gas Counters . . 31
1. INTRODUCTION . . 31
2. MICROSTRIPGAS COUNTERS MANUFACTURING . . 32
3. DISCHARGES IN MSGCS . . 33
4. CHARGE UP EFFECTS, RATE CHARACTERISTICS AND AGING . . 41
5. OTHER DESIGNS OF STRIP-TYPE DETECTORS . . 44
6. CONCLUSIVE REMARKS . . 48

Chapters 3 - Pixel and Microdot Detectors . . 52
1. MAIN DESIGNS AND OPERATING PRINCIPLE . . 52
2. CONCLUSIVE REMARKS . . 56
3. WHY IS THE MAXIMUM ACHIEVABLE GAS GAIN SO HIGH IN SOME DESIGNS OF MICRODOT 
   DETECTORS? . . 57

Chapter 4 - Micromegas . . 60
1. INTRODUCTION . . 60
2. DETECTOR DESIGN AND MAIN CHARACTERISTICS . . 61
3. COMPARISON BETWEEN MICROMEGAS AND PPAC . . 64
4. CONCLUSIVE REMARKS . . 71
5. THE ULTIMATE POSITION RESOLUTION OF MICROMEGAS . . 72

Chapter 5 - Hole-Type Gaseous Electron Multipliers (GEM) . . 76
1. EARLY WORK ON HOLE-TYPE ELECTRON MULTIPLIERS . . 76
2. GAS ELECTRON MULTIPLIER . . 79
3 GEM AS A PREAMPLIFICATION STRUCTURE AND CASCADED GEMS . . 85
4. POSITION AND TIME RESOLUTIONS OF A MULTI-GEM . . 87
5. TRIPLE GEM STABILITY AND AGING . . 89
6. OTHER GEM-LIKE DETECTORS . . 92
7. CONCLUSIVE REMARKS . . 96

Chapter 6 - Some Interesting Work on Capillary Glass Detectors . . 103
1. INTRODUCTION . . 103
2. THE USE OF CAPILLARY PLATES OPERATING IN A GAS FLOW . . 104
3. FIRST TESTS OF CAPILLARY PLATES AS DETECTORS OF VISIBLE LIGHT . . 106
4. CONCLUSION . . 112

Chapter 7 - Other Early Designs of Micropattern Detectors Developed 
                    Between 1998 and 2003 . . 114
1. INTRODUCTION . . 114
2. SOME ORIGINAL DESIGNS: THE MICROWIRE AND MICROSLIT DETECTORS . . 115
3. OTHER MICROWIRE DETECTOR DESIGNS . . 117
4. NEW DEVELOPMENTS IN PARALLEL-PLATE TYPE AND HOLE-TYPE MICROPATTERN DETECTORS . . 121
5. CONCLUSIVE REMARKS . . 124
6. CAN WIRE CHAMBERS COMPETE WITH A PRINTED CIRCUIT DETECTOR TECHNOLOGY? . . 125 

Chapter 8 - Operation of Micropattern Gaseous Detectors . . 129
1. INTRODUCTION . . 129
2. OTHER PHENOMENA CONTRIBUTING TO THE RAETHER LIMIT . . 131
3. FEEDBACK INDUCED BREAKDOWNS . . 136
4. CASCADED DETECTORS . . 137
5. DISCHARGE PROPAGATION TO THE READOUT PLATE FOR A SINGLE GEM IRRADIATED 
   SIMULTANEOUSLY WITH X-RAY AND ALPHA PARTICLES . . 143
6. INTERPRETATION OF THE RESULTS . . 145
7. PRACTICAL CONCLUSIONS FROM DISCHARGE PROPAGATION STUDIES . . 148
8. CONCLUSIVE REMARKS . . 149
9. CALCULATIONS AND MEASUREMENTS OF THE DISCHARGE PROBABILITIES IN 
   MICROMEGAS AND GEM IN HADRON BEAMS . . 149

Chapter 9 - Recent Developments of Micropattern Detectors . . 156
1. INTRODUCTION . . 156
2. LATEST DEVELOPMENTS IN GEM . . 157
3. LATEST DEVELOPMENTS IN MICROMEGAS . . 163
4. SPARK-SAFE MICROPATTERN DETECTORS WITH RESISTIVE ELECTRODES . . 167
5. CONCLUSIVE REMARKS . . 186

Chapter 10 - The Capability of Key Micropattern Detectors to Suppress Ion Back Flow . . 195
1. INTRODUCTION . . 195
2. GEM AS A MULTIPLICATION AND THE IBF SUPPRESSION STRUCTURE . . 197
3. ION BACK FLOW IN MICROMEGAS BASED TPCS . . 208
4. COMPARISON BETWEEN GEM AND MICROMEGAS FOR TPC READOUT . . 212
5. CONCLUSIVE REMARKS . . 212

Chapter 11 - Comparison between Various Designs of Micropattern Detectors . . 216
1. INTRODUCTION . . 216
2. GAIN CHARACTERISTICS . . 216
3. POSITION RESOLUTION . . 219
4. ENERGY RESOLUTION . . 220
5. TIME RESOLUTION . . 221
6. STABILITY AND AGING OF MICROPATTERN GASEOUS DETECTORS . . 221
7. MAIN DESIGNS OF MICROPATTERN DETECTORS USED TODAY AND PERSPECTIVES OF THEIR 
   COMMERCIAL PRODUCTION . . 223
8. CONCLUSIVE REMARKS . . 224

Chapter 12 - Applications . . 228
1. INTRODUCTION . . 228
2. TRADITIONAL APPLICATIONS IN HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS AND ASTROPHYSICS EXPERIMENTS . . 229 
3. DEVELOPMENTS WHICH MAY LEAD TO NEW APPLICATIONS . . 234
4. CONCLUSIVE REMARKS . . 248
5. THE RD-51 COLLABORATION: INTERNATIONAL NETWORK FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF 
   MICROPATTERN DETECTORS AND PROMOTION OF THEIR APPLICATIONS . . 249

Conclusion . . 257
Glossary . . 258
Related References . . 260
Compilation of References . . 284
About the Contributors . . 301
Index . . 302

List of Illustrations . . ix
List of Contributors . . xi

1. Introduction: Paradox and the Marvellous in Augustan Literature and Culture . . 1
2. Horace's Ars Poetica and the Marvellous . . 19
3. Where the Wild Things Are: Locating the Marvellous in Augustan Wall Painting . . 41
4. Against Nature? Some Augustan Responses to Man-made Marvels  . . 75
5. Virgil: A Paradoxical Poet? . . 95
6. The Question of the Marvellous in the Georgics of Virgil . . 113
7. In Search of the Lost Hercules: Strategies of the Fantastic in the Aeneid . . 126
8. Thaumatographia, or 'What is a Theme?' . . 145
9. Phaethon and the Monsters . . 163
10. Prodigiosa mendada uatum: Responses to the Marvellous in Ovid's Narrative of Perseus (Metamorphoses 4-5) . . 189
11. Encountering the Fantastic: Expectations, Forms of Communication, Reactions . . 213
12. Constructing a Narrative of mira deum: The Story of Philemon and Baucis (Ovid, Metamorphoses 8) . . 231
13. Ovid, Metamorphoses 1.416-51: noua monstra and the foedera naturae . . 248
14. Latrator Anubis: Alien Divinities in Augustan Rome, and how to Tame Monsters through Aetiology . . 268
15. Ordering Wonderland: Ovid's Pythagoras and the Augustan Vision . . 288
16. Delusions of Grandeur: Lucretian 'Passages' in Livy . . 310
17. The Strange Art of the Sententious Declaimer . . 330

References . . 350
Indexes . . 381

Preface . . 11

PART 1 . . 17

1 Introduction to American English  . 19
1.1 American English Dialects . . 19
1.2 The delimitation of a reference dialect . . 25
1.3 Summary of the main points . . 34

2 The phoneme and the phoneme inventory of North American English . . 37
2.1 Introduction . . 37
2.2 The phoneme and the linguistic hierarchy . . 37
2.3 Phonemes and allophones . . 43
2.4 The phoneme as an organising unit of sound structure . . 46
2.5 Establishing the phoneme inventory of NAERD. . . 47
2.6 Summary . . 50

3 Obstruent consonants in American English . . 53
3.1 Articulatory, acoustic and auditory descriptions . . 53
3.2 The organs of speech and their three systems: articulatory, phonatory and respiratory . . 54
3.3 The classification of the consonant system . . 58
3.4 Classes of obstruents in NAERD - stops . . 63
3.5 The individual stops . . 70
3.6 Classes of obstruents in NAERD - fricatives . . 80
3.7 The individual fricatives . . 85
3.8 Summarising the obstruent consonants of NAERD . . 94

4 Sonorant consonants in American English . . 97
4.1 Types of sonorant consonants . . 97
4.2 The individual sonorants . . 99
4.3 Syllabic consonants . . 113
4.4 Summarising the sonorant consonants of NAERD . . 115

5 Vowels in American English . . 117
5.1 How to describe vowels . . 117
5.2 Subclasses of vowels . . 120
5.3 Ongoing vowel changes in American English . . 130
5.4 The individual vowels . . 132
5.5 Vowels in unstressed syllables . . 142
5.6 Summarising the vowels of NAERD English . . 151

PART II . . 153

6 Syllable structure in American English . . 155
6.1 Prosodic or suprasegmental phenomena . . 155
6.2 Introduction to syllable structure . . 157
6.3 The structure of the syllable . . 158
6.4 The sonority sequencing principle . . 162
6.5 Permissible onsets and codas in NAERD . . 163
6.6 The syllabification of polysyllabic words . . 172
6.7 Summary of syllable structure . . 175

7 Word stress in American English . . 177
7.1 Introduction to word stress . . 177
7.2 Stress rules in non-compounds . .178
7.3 Stress in compounds and compound-like combinations . . 184
7.4 Rhythm . . 188

8 Intonation in American English . . 193
8.1 The nature and function of intonation . . 193
8.2 What is represented between the two horizontal lines? . . 197
8.3 The tone group - structure and demarcation . . 199
8.4 The classification of nucleus types . . 209
8.5 The use of the NAERD nuclei . . 214
8.6 Some communicative implications of the nucleus types . . 220
8.7 Simplified transcription . . 224
8.8 The intonation of some characteristic syntactic constructions . . 227
8.9 Summary of the main points . . 236

PART III . . 239

9 Variation and change . . 241
9.1 Types of inter-segment influence . . 241
9.2 Types of assimilation . . 243
9.3 Elision and epenthesis . . 248
9.4 Diachronic change . . 252

10 Survey of American English dialects . . 269
10.1 Introduction . . 269
10.2 The main dialect areas . . 271
10.3 The North . . 273
10.4 The Midland and the West . . 278
10.5 The South . . 282
10.6 The East . . 288
10.7 Canada . . 297
10.8 Summing up North American dialects . . 300

Bibliography . . 305
Index . . 307

Preface . . IX 
Acknowledgments . . XI 
Introduction . . XIII 

1 What Engineers Know about Design . . 1 
2 Why an Animal Needs a Brain . . 11 
3 Why a Bigger Brain? . . 41 
4 How Bigger Brains Are Organized . . 57 
5 Information Processing: From Molecules to Molecular Circuits . . 105 
6 Information Processing in Protein Circuits . . 125 
7 Design of Neurons . . 155 
8 How Photoreceptors Optimize the Capture of Visual Information . . 195 
9 The Fly Lamina: An Efficient Interface for High-Speed Vision . . 235 
10 Design of Neural Circuits: Receding Analogue Signals to Pulsatile . . 265 
11 Principles of Retinal Design . . 277 
12 Beyond the Retina: Pathways to Perception and Action . . 323 
13 Principles of Efficient Wiring . . 363 
14 Learning as Design/Design of Learning . . 399 
15 Summary and Conclusions . . 433 

Principles of Neural Design . . 445 
Notes . . 447 
References . . 465 
Index . . 519 

Francisco Suarez: Erid of the Scholastic? . . 9
EI 'diriel dėl tiempo'. Tiempo, movimiento y su medida, la teoria de los puritos y la indivLsibilidad, segiin Suarez . . 29
Francisco Suarez and the rationesstudiommofihe Society ofjesus . . 77
Suarez aš a Scotist The Portrait of the DoctorEximius in Losada's Commeritary on the Soul . . 91
Pedro Hurtado de Mendoza's (Mis)interpretation of Aquinas . . 105
Tra Fonseca e Suarez. L'ingresso della nozione di ens reale nella Schulmetaphysik . . 141
Suarez, Descartes e la dimostrazione dell'esistenza di Dio . . 169
Totą sua entilaie. Suarez and Leibniz on Individuation . . 205
Francisco Suarez and Christian Wolff. A Missed Intellectual Legacy . . 227
L'eredita nascosta cii Suarez nei sistema hegeliano . . 243
Le occorrenze di Suarėz nell'opera di Brentano . . 261
Quasi umbrae entium. Suarez e Brentano sull'ens rationis . . 271

PRATARMĖ . . 7

I. TAUTA - TAI PASAKOJIMAS . . 15
Prielaidos . . 15
Ištakos . . 22
„Kalba stato Politikos pasaulį" . . 8

II. RESPUBLIKOS STEIGIMAS . . 49
Pirmasis krašto įstatymas . . 52
Horodlės mazgas . . 63
Lietuvos karalystės idėja . . 90
Kunigaikštystės viešpačiai . . 98
1492-ieji . . 113
Pirmasis Statutas: Respublikos telkimas . . 133
Antrasis Statutas: Respublikos įtvirtinimas . . 149
Trečiasis Statutas: Respublikos atstatymas . . 191

SUMMARY . . 254