Biblioteka Uniwersytecka

ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS . . ix
BIOGRAPHIES OF CONTRIBUTORS . . x
INTRODUCTION TO THE VOLUME . . xvi

SECTION 1 Engaging with public engagement . . 1
1.1 Moving forwards or in circles? Science communication and scientific governance in an age of innovation . . 3
1.2 The new politics of public engagement with science . . 18
1.3 (In)authentic sciences and (im)partial publics: (re)constructing the science outreach and public engagement agenda . . 35

SECTION 2 Researching public engagement . . 53
2.1 Investigating science communication to inform science outreach and public engagement . . 55
2.2 Learning to engage; engaging to learn: the purposes of informal science-public dialogue . . 72
2.3 Engaging with interactive science exhibits: a study of children's activity and the value of experience for communicating science . . 86

SECTION 3 Studying science in popular media . . 103
3.1 Science, communication and media . . 105
3.2 Models of science communication . . 128

SECTION 4 Mediating science news . . 147
4.1 Making science newsworthy: exploring the conventions of science journalism . . 149
4.2 Science reporting in the electronic embrace of the internet . . 166

SECTION 5 Communicating science in popular media . . 181
5.1 From flow to user flows: understanding 'good science' programming in the UK digital television landscape . . 183
5.2 Image-music-text of popular science . . 205

SECTION 6 Examining audiences for popular science . . 221
6.1 Reinterpreting the audiences for media messages about science . . 223
6.2 Investigating gendered representations of scientists, technologists, engineers and mathematicians on UK children's television . . 237
6.3 Interpreting contested science: media influence and scientific citizenship . . 254

FINAL REFLECTIONS . . 274
INDEX . . 279

Foreword . . ix
Preface . . xi
Introduction . . 1

I The Contemporary Collaboratory Vision . . 13
1 E-Science, Cyberinfrastructure, and Scholarly Communication . . 15
2 Cyberscience: The Age of Digitized Collaboration? . . 33

II Perspectives on Distributed, Collaborative Science . . 51
3 From Shared Databases to Communities of Practice: A Taxonomy of Collaboratories . . 53
4 A Theory of Remote Scientific Collaboration . . 73
5 Collaborative Research across Disciplinary and Organizational Boundaries . . 99

Ill Physical Sciences . . 119
6 A National User Facility That Fits on Your Desk: The Evolution of Collaboratories at the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory . . 121
7 The National Virtual Observatory . . 135
8 High-Energy Physics: The Large Hadron Collider Collaborations . . 143
9 The Upper Atmospheric Research Collaborator/ and the Space Physics and Aeronomy Research Collaboratory . . 153
10 Evaluation of a Scientific Collaboratory System: Investigating Utility before Deployment . . 171

IV Biological and Health Sciences . . 195
11 The National Institute of General Medical Sciences Glue Grant Program . . 197
12 The Biomedical Informatics Research Network . . 221
13 Three Distributed Biomedical Research Centers . . 233
14 Motivation to Contribute to Collaboratories: A Public Goods Approach . . 251

V Earth and Environmental Sciences . . 275
15 Ecology Transformed: The National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis and the Changing Patterns of Ecoloairal Research . . 277
16 The Evolution of Collaboration in Ecology: Lessons from the U.S. Long-Term Ecological Research Program . . 297
17 Organizing for Multidisciplinary Collaboration: The Case of the Geosciences Network . . 311
18 NEESgrid: Lessons Learned for Future Cyberinfrastructure Development . . 331

VI The Developing World . . 349
19 International AIDS Research Collaboratories: The HIV Pathogenesis Program . . 351
20 How Collaboratories Affect Scientists from Developing Countries . . 365

Conclusion
Final Thoughts: Is There a Science of Collaboratories? . . 377
Contributors . . 395
Index . . 399

Abbildungsverzeichnis und Abbildungsnachweis . . 9
Siglenverzeichnis und Abkürzungen häufig zitierter Publikationen . . 11
Vorwort . . 15
Einleitung . . 17

Der Autor ist tot - es lebe der Leser. Zur Neubewertung der imitatio in der byzantinischen Geschichtsschreibung . . 23
Imitatio - Aemulatio - Variatio im byzantinischen Alexandergedicht . . 33
Eine Dioptra-Adaptierung aus dem Kreis des Michael Kantakuzenos . . 45
On the Reception of Homilies and Hagiography in Byzantium The Recited Metrical Prefaces . . 57
Das Schulgriechische der mittellateinischen Lexikographen und Grammatiker Ein Sonderfall von sprachlicher aemulatio . . 81
Jenseits des Schattens der Alten? Zum Umgang mit der Tradition in der volkssprachlichen Erzählliteratur . . 93
Phrasis poikile Imitatio and variatio in the Poetry Book of Christophoros Mitylenaios . . 103
Paränese zwischen Enkomion und Psogos. Zur Gattungseinordnung byzantinischer Fürstenspiegel . . 119
Zusammenstellen vs. Zusammenstehlen. Zum Traditionsverständnis in der byzantinischen Kultur . . 129
Hagiographische Metaphrasen. Ein möglicher Weg der Annäherung an die Literarästhetik der frühen Palaiologenzeit . . 137
Mimesis in an Ecclesiastical Context. The Case of lakovos Monachos . . 153
Der Mythos im Imitatio-Konzept des Michael Psellos . . 165
Die byzantinische Betteldichtung. Verbindung des Klassischen mit dem Volkstümlichen . . 175
Quotidian Imagery in the History of Niketas Choniates . . 181
Metaphors of the Virgin in Byzantine Literature and Art . . 189
The Same Story, but Another. A Reappraisal of Literary Imitation in Byzantium . . 195
« Parce que je suis Ignorant » Imitatio / Variatio dans la chronique de Georges le Moine . . 209
Ein Aspekt der Rezeption der Anthologia Planudea in Epigrammen des Manuel Philes auf Bilder . . 217
Wortschatz als Indiz für literarische Nachahmung? Das Beispiel des Gennadios Scholarios . . 231
Bemerkungen zur Auseinandersetzung mit Progymnasmata in byzantinischen Lehrschriften zur Rhetorik . . 237
Zu Spielarten der mimesis in der profanen Dichtung der Kassia . . 243
The Compositional Methods of a Palaiologan Hagiographer. Intertextuality in the Works of Theoktistos the Stoudite . . 253
La solitude du heros, les scenes de la guerre. Variations sur les themes dans le Digenis Akritas . . 261
Zum Wortschatz des Neophytos Enkleistos . . 273
Imitatio - aemulatio - variatio . . 279
Index antiker und byzantinischer Autoren und Werke . . 283
Verzeichnis der Mitarbeiter dieses Bandes . . 285

Vorwort . . IX

EXEMPLARISCHE LÄNGSSCHNITTE: VORAUSSETZUNGEN UND ENTWICKLUNGEN RÖMISCHE TRADITIONEN UND IHRE VERÄNDERUNGEN (500-700)
Das römische Königtum der Germanen. Ein Überblick . . 3
The governing class of the Gibichung and early Merovingian kingdoms . . 11
Der langobardische Staat . . 23
The Visigoths in Spain: old and new historical problems . . 31

STAATLICHKEIT DER KAROLINGERZEIT (700-900)
Die internationale Forschung zur Staatlichkeit in der Karolingerzeit . . 43
Karolingische politische Ordnung als Funktion sozialer Kategorien . . 51
Italien in der Karolingerzeit . . 63
The Anglo-Saxon kingdoms 600-900 and the beginnings of the Old English state . . 73

EUROPÄISCHE STAATLICHKEIT NACH DER AUFLÖSUNG DES KAROLINGISCHEN IMPERIUMS (850-1050): NEUANFANG ODER KONTINUITÄT?
Strukturen früher Staatlichkeit. West- und Ostfrankenreich im Vergleich (9./10. Jahrhundert) . . 89
West Francia and Wessex in the ninth Century compared . . 99
Die internationale Forschung zur Staatlichkeit der Ottonenzeit . . 113
Staatlichkeit im Reich der Ottonen - ein Versuch . . 133
Early state formation in Scandinavia . . 145
States and non-states in the Celtic world . . 155
Strukturen früher slawischer Staaten . . 171

GRUNDLAGEN, GRENZEN UND PROBLEME DER STAATLICHKEIT TRÄGER
Dynastie, Thronfolge und Staatsverständnis im Frankenreich . . 183
Laien als Amtsträger: über die Grafen des regnum Italiae . . 201
Timor, amicitia, odium: les liens politiques ä l'epoque merovingienne . . 217
"Carrying the cares of state": gender perspectives on Merovingian 'Staatlichkeit' . . 227
The state of the church: ecclesia and early medieval state formation . . 241
Bischöfe als Träger der politischen Ordnung des Frankenreichs im 8./9. Jahrhundert . . 255

RESSOURCEN UND ORGANISATION
Le fisc du royaume franc. Quelques jalons pour une reflexion sur l'Etat au haut Moyen Age . . 271
Comparing the resources of the Merovingian and Carolingian states: problems and perspectives . . 287
Property, politics and the problem of the Carolingian state . . 299
Bemerkungen zum frühmittelalterlichen Boten- und Uesandtschaftswesen . . 315
Das Lehnswesen — Fakt oder Fiktion? . . 331

LEGITIMIERUNG UND SYMBOLISCHE FUNDIERUNG
Court and communication in the early Middle Ages: the Frankish kingdom under Charlemagne . . 357
Möglichkeiten und Grenzen religiöser Herrschaftslegitimation. Zu den Dynastiewechseln 51 und 918/919 . . 369
Rituale als ordnungsstiftende Elemente . . 391
Les recits d'investiture et leur signification (du IXe au XIe siecle) . . 399
Coins äs Symbols of early medieval 'Staatlichkeit' . . 411
Rechtliche Grundlagen frühmittelalterlicher Staatlichkeit: der allgemeine Treueid . . 423

ZEITGENÖSSISCHE VORSTELLUNGEN UND KONZEPTE
Regnum und gens . . 435
Zur Trennung von Reich und Herrscher in der Vorstellungswelt des 9. Jahrhunderts . . 451
Erwartungen an den ,Staat': die Perspektive der Historiographie in spätkarolingischer Zeit . . 471

GRENZEN UND WIDERSTÄNDE
'Not rendering unto Caesar': challenges to early medieval rulers . . 489
The limits of the late Anglo-Saxon state . . 503
Grundlagen, Grenzen und Probleme der Staatlichkeit im frühen Mittelalter. Zur Bedeutung und Funktion der Königspfalzen . . 515

ZUSAMMENFASSUNG UND AUSBLICK
Versuch einer resümierenden Bilanz . . 523
Abkürzungsverzeichnis . . 533
Quellenverzeichnis . . 535
Literaturverzeichnis . . 541
Register . . 601
Verzeichnis der Autorinnen und Autoren . . 615

Preface . . ix
Abbreviations . . xv

1 Childhood (1798-1815) . . 1
2 Youth (1815-1824) . . 9
3 Exile (1824-1829) . . 56
4 The Grand Tour (1829-1831) . . 119
5 Crisis and Rebirth (1831-1832) . . 159
6 Emigration (1832-1834) . . 182
7 Domesticity (1834-1839) . . 225
8 Academe (1839-1841) . . 253
9 Sectarianism (1841-1846) . . 281
10 Scission (1846-1848) . . 356
11 Politics (1848-1849) . . 376
12 Hibernation (1849-1855) . . 418
13 Rebirth and Death (1855) . . 439

Postscript . . 463
Notes . . 477
Bibliography . . 519
Index . . 535

Preface . . v
Acknowledgements . . ix
List of contributors . . xiii

1 The handicap principle and signalling in collaborative systems . . 1
2 Communication in bacteria . . 11
3 Communication in social networks of territorial animals: networking at different levels in birds and other systems . . 33
4 Communication between hosts and social parasites . . 55
5 Chemical communication and the coordination of social interactions in insects . . 81
6 Chemical communication in societies of rodents . . 97
7 Neurobiology of olfactory communication in the honeybee . . 119
8 Rapid evolution and sexual signals . . 139
9 Communication of mate quality in humans . . 157
10 The extended phenotype within the colony and how it obscures social communication . . 171
11 Synergy in social communication . . 191
12 Conflicting messages: genomic imprinting and internal communication . . 209
13 Language unbound: genomic conflict and psychosis in the origin of modern humans . . 225
14 The evolution of human communication and language . . 249
15 Why teach? The evolutionary origins and ecological consequences of costly information transfer . . 265
16 Grades of communication . . 275

Concluding remarks . . 289
Glossary . . 291
Index . . 295

1 Dogs in historical perspective, and conceptual issues of the study of their behaviour . . 1
1.1 Introduction . . 1
1.2 From behaviourism to cognitive ethology . . 2
1.3 Tinbergen's legacy: four questions plus one . . 8
1.4 Evolutionary considerations . . 11
1.5 What is it like to be a dog? . . 15
1.6 Lupomorphism or babymorphism? . . 16
1.7 Modelling of behaviour . . 17
1.8 An ethocognitive mental model for the dog . . 22
1.9 Conclusions for the future . . 24
Further reading . . 26

2 Methodological issues in the behavioural study of the dog . . 27
2.1 Introduction . . 27
2.2 Finding phenomena and collecting data . . 27
2.3 Making behavioural comparisons . . 30
2.4 Sampling and the problem of single cases (N = 1) . . 35
2.5 A procedural problem in naturalistic observations: the presence of humans . . 37
2.6 How to measure dog behaviour? . . 38
2.7 Asking questions . . 43
2.8 Conclusions for the future . . 45
Further reading . . 45

3 Dogs in anthropogenic environments: society and family . . 47
3.1 Introduction . . 47
3.2 Dogs in human society . . 47
3.3 Interactions between dogs and people in public . . 51
3.4 Dogs in the family . . 53
3.5 Dogs at work . . 56
3.6 Social roles of dogs in human groups . . 56
3.7 Social competition in dog-human groups and their consequences . . 57
3.8 Outcast dogs: life in animal shelters . . 62
3.9 Conclusions for the future . . 65
Further reading . . 65

4 A comparative approach to Canis . . 67
4.1 Introduction . . 67
4.2 Putting things into perspective: an overview of Canis . . 67
4.3 An overview of wolves . . 74
4.4 Wolf and dog: similarities and differences . . 89
4.5 Conclusions for the future . . 92
Further reading . . 93

5 Domestication . . 95
5.1 Introduction . . 95
5.2 Human perspective on dog domestication . . 95
5.3 Archaeology faces phylogenetics . . 101
5.4 Some concepts of evolutionary population biology . . 117
5.5 Emergence of phenotypic novelty . . 119
5.6 A case study of domestication: the fox experiment . . 131
5.7 Conclusions for the future . . 136
Further reading . . 136

6 The perceptual world of the dog . . 137
6.1 Introduction . . 137
6.2 Comparative perspectives . . 137
6.3 Vision . . 139
6.4 Hearing . . 142
6.5 Olfaction . . 144
6.6 Conclusions for the future . . 150
Further reading . . 150

7 Physical-ecological cognition . . 151
7.1 Introduction . . 151
7.2 Orientation in space . . 151
7.3 Spatial problem solving . . 155
7.4 Knowledge about objects . . 156
7.5 Memory for hidden objects . . 158
7.6 Folk physics in dogs? . . 161
7.7 Conclusions for the future . . 163
Further reading . . 163

8 Social cognition . . 165
8.1 Introduction . . 165
8.2 The affiliative aspects of social relationships . . 166
8.3 The agonistic aspects of social relationships . . 170
8.4 Communication in a mixed-species group . . 177
8.5 Play . . 189
8.6 Social learning in dogs . . 191
8.7 Social influence . . 193
8.8 Cooperation . . 196
8.9 Social competence . . 197
8.10 Conclusions for the future . . 200
Further reading . . 200

9 Development of behaviour . . 201
9.1 Introduction . . 201
9.2 What are developmental 'periods'? . . 201
9.3 Rethinking developmental periods in dogs . . 205
9.4 Sensitive periods in development . . 209
9.5 Attraction and attachment . . 214
9.6 Early experience and its influence on behaviour . . 216
9.7 Prediction of behaviour: 'Puppy testing' . . 217
9.8 Conclusions for the future . . 219
Further reading . . 219

10 Temperament and personality . . 221
10.1 Introduction . . 221
10.2 Descriptive approach to personality . . 223
10.3 Functional approach to personality . . 226
10.4 Mechanistic approach . . 230
10.5 Conclusions for the future . . 234
Further reading . . 235

11 Afterword: Heading towards 21st-century science . . 237
11.1 Comparare necesse est! . . 237
11.2 Natural model . . 237
11.3 Evolving dogs . . 237
11.4 Behavioural modelling . . 239
11.5 Ethical implications and researchers' mission . . 240
11.6 Dog genome and bioinformatics . . 241
11.7 Taws in hands' . . 241

References . . 243
Index . . 267

Acknowledgements . . ix

1. Introduction . . 1
1. Problems with research on sexism . . 5
2. My theoretical position . . 22
3. Structure of the book . . 33

2. Overt sexism . . 35
1. Hate speech and sexism . . 38
2. Contexts of sexism . . 40
3. Types of overt sexism . . 41
4. Sexism, racism and homophobia . . 73

3. Language reform . . 77
1. Institutional language change . . 78
2. Strategies of reform . . 83
3. Effectiveness of reform . . 91
4. Responses to anti-sexist campaigns . . 97

4. 'Political correctness' . . 100
1. Development of the term 'political correctness' . . 106
2. 'Political incorrectness' . . 108
3. Anti-sexist campaigns and 'political correctness' . . 114
4. Model of 'political correctness' and anti-sexism . . 119

5. Indirect sexism . . 124
1. Language as a system . . 124
2. Stereotypes . . 126
3. Institutions and language . . 132
4. Indirect sexism . . 133
5. Types of indirect sexism . . 140
6. Challenging indirect sexism . . 152

6. Conclusions . . 154
1. Public sensitivity to issues of sexism . . 154
2. Why analyse sexism . . 155
3. Why reform matters . . 156
4. Should we accept sexism? . . 157

Bibliography . . 162
Index . . 174

Preface . . i
Foreword . . v
Acknowledgements . . vii

Chapter 1 Introduction . . 1
Chronology of Tadeusz Konwicki's Life . . 17

Chapter 2 Konwicki Settling Accounts with Romanticism . . 29
The Romantic Tradition . . 45

Chapter 3 Socialist Realism by the Priest and the Jester . . 61
The Priest and the Jester . . 68
Writing as a Priest . . 69
Writing as a Jester . . 82

Chapter 4 Searching for the Past and the Home . . 91
Homeland without a Home . . 103
"Suffering From memory" . . 119
In Search of the Past . . 126
Love and Death . . 134
The Other - The Polish Jew in the Borderlands . . 153

Preface . . vii
1 Introduction: When Poop Goes Primetime . . 1

Part I Rumor and Reputation in a Digital World
2 How the Free Flow of Information Liberates and Constrains Us . . 17
3 Gossip and the Virtues of Knowing Less . . 50
4 Shaming and the Digital Scarlet Letter . . 76

Part II Privacy, Free Speech, and the Law
5 The Role of Law . . 105
6 Free Speech, Anonymity, and Accountability . . 125
7 Privacy in an Overexposed World . . 161
8 Conclusion: The Future of Reputation . . 189

Notes . . 207
Index . . 237