Biblioteka Uniwersytecka

HISTORIES OF SOCIAL CONTROL . . 7

I Rebelling Individuals . . 17
"THE CHILD WHO STRIKES HIS OWN FATHER OR MOTHER SHALL BE PUT TO DEATH
Assault and Verbal Abuse of Parents in Swedish and Finnish Counties 1745-1754 . . 19
NAMING PRACTISES AS A SOCIAL CONTROL
The Continuity and Change of Morals in Local Peasant Communities (c. 1850-1960) . . 43
THE CRIME AND PUNISHMENT OF A NINETEENTH-CENTURY FINNISH SERIAL KILLER . . 75

II Community and Discipline . . 85
TO REPORT OR NOT? TO PUNISH OR NOT?
Between Tightening Laws, Old Habits and Loyalty in Early Modern Bavaria . . 87
LEGISLATIVE AND JUDICIAL EFFECTS OF FORBIDDEN SEXUALITY ON ENGAGEMENTS AND MARRIAGES IN LATE NINETEENTH-CENTURY CENTRAL FINLAND . . 107
IMPROVING THE CHRISTIAN COMMUNITY
Agents and Objects of Control in Early Modern Church Visitations . . 127
AN ARROGANT ARRENDATOR AND CONFLICT IN CHURCH RENOVATIONS IN THE MID-EICHTEENTH-CENTURY PARISH OF KOKEMAKI . . 157

III On the Margins of the Society . . 183
WAR, SOLDIERS AND CRIME IN MODERN BRITAIN
Issues for Research . . 185
THE CONTROL OF VAGRANTS AND THE POOR IN FINLAND 1850-1885 . . 207
SHE "TOOK HIM TO TEMPLE LANE, SUBSEQUENTLY HE MISSED HIS MONEY"
Prostitutes and Thieves in Dundee 1865-1925 . . 225

IV The Ultimate Power over Life and Death 257
THE POPE'S SWORD
Early Modern Capital Punishment, Homicide and Cultures of Suffering - Rome in the European Context . . 259
EXECUTIONS IN THE EIGHTEENTH- AND NINETEENTH-CENTURY
Messages, Interpretations, and Reactions . . 299

AMNESTY OR INDIVIDUAL PARDONS?
Presidential Pardon as a Measure to Control Those Punished as a Result of Disciplinary Proceedings in Finland in 1918 . . 323

ABSTRACT . . 351
LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS . . 353
INDEX . . 357

Preface . . vii

Chapter 1 Meteorites and their Asteroidal Parent Bodies . . 1
Chapter 2 Extraterrestrial Material and Changes of the Earth's Climate . . 39
Chapter 3 The Diversion and Exploitation of Ice-Rich Neos Using the Solar Collector . . 61
Chapter 4 Radar Characteristics of Asteroid 33342(1998 WT24) . . 79
Chapter 5 Asteroids Dimensions and the Truncated Pareto Distribution . . 95
Chapter 6 Hilda Asteroids in the Jupiter Neighborhood . . 109
Chapter 7 Asteroids Apophis and 1950 DA: 1000 Years Orbit Evolution and Possible Use . . 127

Index . . 169

Foreword . . v
List of Contributors . . vi
Illustration Acknowledgements . . viii

Non-destructive Gemmological Tests for the Identification of Ancient Gems . . 1
A Case Study on Gemstone Origins: Chrysothrix, a Group of Roman Magical Gems . . 4
The Garnet Millennium: the Role of Seal Stones in Garnet Studies . . 10
Lithóis Indikois: Preliminary Characterisation of Garnet Seal Stones from Central and South Asia . . 25
Archaeologies of Magical Gems . . 39
Text, Image and Medium: the Evolution of Graeco-Roman Magical Gemstones . . 50
The Colours of Magical Gems . . 62
Magic and Medicine: Gems and the Power of Seals . . 69
Magical Gems and Classical Archaeology . . 75
Studies on Magical Amulets in the British Museum . . 82
'Grylloi' . . 88
Engraved Gems from Sites with a Military Presence in Roman Palestine: the Cases of Legio and Aelia Capitolina . . 99
Selected Antique Gems from Israel: Excavated Glyptics from Roman-Byzantine Tombs . . 105
Christian Gems from Portugal in Context . . 114
Intaglios and Cameos from Gaul in the 3rd and 4th Centuries AD . . 127
Late Roman Gems from Tilurium in Croatia . . 130
Three Degrees of Separation: Detail Reworking, Type Updating and Identity. Transformation in Roman Imperial Glyptic Portraits in the Round . . 135
Gem Portraits of Soldier-Emperors . . 149
Gods or Mortals - Images on Imperial Portrait Gems, Medallions and Coins in the 3rd Century AD . . 163
Love and Passion: Personal Cameos in Late Antiquity from the Content Collection . . 179
The Belgrade Cameo . . 186
Late Antique and Early Christian Gems: Some Unpublished Examples . . 193
The Argument from Silence: Iconographic Statements of 1981 on Faked Gems Reconsidered . . 208
The Constanza Carnelian and the Development of Crucifixion Iconography in Late Antiquity . . 214
Seals in Transition: their Change of Function and Value in Late Antiquity . . 221
Myth Revisited: the Re-use of Mythological Cameos and Intaglios in Late Antiquity and the Early Middle Ages . . 229
Inscriptions on Portrait Gems and Discs in Late Antiquity (4th to 6th centuries AD): Between Epigraphical Tradition and Numismatic Particularism . . 239
Roman Intaglios Oddly Set: the Transformative Power of the Metalwork Mount . . 248
The Re-use and Re-interpretation of Gemstones in Medieval Hungary . . 257
Reflections on Gems Depicting the Contest of Athena and Poseidon . . 263

Prefazione . . VII
Introduzione . . XIII
Abbreviazioni . . XVII

PARTE PRIMA - Pontificato di Pio IX

I. Il Venti Settembre e la protesta della Santa Sede. Prospettiva di un doppio Corpo Diplomatico a Roma? . . 3

II. La Duplice Monarchici di fronte al Venti Settembre e le relazioni con la Santa Sede dalla denuncia del Concordato alla fine del pontificato di Pio IX . . 17
1. L'Impero austro-ungarico di fronte alla presa di Roma e all'abrogazione del Concordato del 1855 . . 17
2. La posizione austriaca tra Santa Sede e Regno d'Italia . . 21
3. Un'intesa austro-francese per il Papa? . . 30
4. La Santa Sede e le leggi confessionali in Austria . . 33

III. La posizione francese a Roma dalla guerra contro la Prussici al Settennato di Mac Mahon . . 39
1. La Francia alla vigilia del Venti Settembre e i rapporti franco-prussiani nella Questione Romana . . 39
2. Il mantenimento dell'Ambasciata presso la Santa Sede e la protezione degli interessi francesi a Roma . . 44
3. La progettata partenza del Papa e la questione dell'Orénoque . . 53
4. La Santa Sede e la forma di Stato della Francia . . 62

PARTE SECONDA - Pontificato di Leone XIII

I. Impero asburgico e Trìplice Alleanza di fronte alla Questione Romana . . 75
1. L'avvento di Leone XIII: la Curia romana e i rapporti con gli Imperi centrali . . 75
2. Santa Sede e Triplice Alleanza nella prima fase del pontificato leonino: i 'sacrosanti' diritti di Pietro e la ragion di Stato austriaca . . 84
3. La Santa Sede tra antitriplicismo rampolliano e germanocentrismo galimbertiano nell'ultima fase dell'età di Bismarck . . 94

II. La Santa Sede e la politica del Ralliement . . 115
1. La fine della 'République des Ducs e i prodromi del Ralliement . . 115
2. Il brindisi di Algeri e il varo del nuovo corso politico della Santa Sede . . 125
3. La sconfitta dei lliés e le leggi laiciste. La Santa Sede e le ragioni della politica estera francese . . 136

PARTE TERZA - Pontificato di Pio X

I. Pio X e gli Asburgo . . 153
1. L'elezione di un Papa «austriaco di nascita» . . 153
2. La visione vaticana della Duplice Monarchia sino allo scoppio della Grande Guerra . . 155

II. La rottura delle relazioni diplomatiche con la Francia e la prospettiva di una laro ripresa  . . 161
1. Dal conclave del 1903 alla rottura delle relazioni diplomatiche e alla separazione tra Chiesa e Stato . . 161
2. Le conseguenze dell'assenza di relazioni ufficiali e il Protettorato cattolico della Francia . . 169

CONCLUSIONE. Le relazioni diplomatiche della Santa Sede alla fine del pontificato di Pio X . . 181

Bibliografia . . 187
Indice dei nomi . . 203

Foreword . . VII

The tathdgata and the long tongue of truth - The authority of the Buddha in sutra and narrrative literature . . 1
On Buddhists and their chairs . . 49
Turning hermeneutics into apologetics - Reasoning and rationality under changing historical circumstances . . 71
Digndga on air or How to get hold of supersensible objects by means of a credible person - With preliminary remarks on the composition of the Pramanasamuccaya . . 147
On the role of abhyupagama in Dharmakirti's scripturally based inference . . 183
Kamalasila and Santaraksita on scripture and reason - The limits and extent of "practical rationality" in the Tattvasamgraha and Panjika . . 209
Transmission of scripture - Exegetical problems for Kumarila and Dharmakirti . . 239
Action theory and scriptural exegesis in early Advaita-Vedanta (1) - Mandana Misra on upadesa and istasadhanata . . 271
The authoritof the Buddha, the omniscience ofthejina and the truth of Jainism . . 319
On reason and scripture in the Pratyabhijna . . 375
Inherited cognitions: prasiddhi, agama, pratibha, sabdana - Bhartrhari, Utpaladeva, Abhinavagupta, Kumarila and Dharmakirti in dialogue . . 455

Notes on the contributors . . 481

Acknowledgments . . 7

Introduction: Towards a Connected History of the Qazaq Steppe . . 9
The Yasavi Presence in the Dasht-i Qipchaq from the 16th to 18th Century . . 27
Notes on the Yasaviya and Naqshbandiya in Western Siberia in the 17th-Early 20th Centuries . . 69
The Changing Religious Orientation of Qazaq Intellectuals in the Tsarist Period: Shari'a, Secularism, and Ethics . . 95
The Qazaq Steppe and Islamic Administrative Exceptionalism: A Comparison with Buddhism Among Buriats . . 119
Qazaq Religious Beliefs in the Writings of Russian Doctors during the Imperial Age (1731-1917) . . 143
Disadvantaged Neophytes of the Privileged Religion: Why Qazaqs Did Not Become Christians . . 181
Sufis, Scholars, and Divanas of the Qazaq Middle Horde in the Works of Mashhur Zhusip Kopeyuli . . 213
Shari'a for the Bolsheviks? Fatvas on Land Reform in Early Soviet Central Asia . . 233
Correcting Transgressions in the House of Islam: Yang Zengxin's Buguozhai wendu on Xinjiang's Muslims . . 267
Interpreting an Insurgency in Soviet Kazakhstan: The OGPU, Islam and Qazaq "Clans" in Suzak, 1930 . . 297

Index . . 341

Introduzione  . . 9

I. Gli antefatti . . 27
   Papi e concili da Costanza al Lateranense V . . 28
   Quanto era grave la situazione? . . 39

II. La lotta per la convocazione . . 49
    Un papa, due re e un imperatore: 1523-1534 . . 50
    Paolo III e Carlo V: verso Trento, nonostante tutto . . 56
    Si apre il Concilio . . 67

III. Il primo periodo (1545-1547) . . 71
     Scrittura, tradizione e predicazione del Vangelo . . 81
     Il peccato originale e la giustificazione . . 92
     La residenza e i sacramenti . . 104
     Bologna . . 108

IV. Interludio (1547-1562) . . 113
    Il «Concilio di Bologna» (1547-1549) . . 114
    Un nuovo papa . . 122
    Il secondo periodo del Concilio (1551-1552) . . 128
    Il decennio perduto . . 140

V. La ripresa (1562-1563) . . 149
   Un semestre deludente . . 155
   La messa, la riforma morbida e il calice eucaristico . . 165
   La grande crisi . . 171

VI. La conclusione . . 179
    I francesi trovano una voce: marzo-giugno 1563 . . 182
    Morene prende le redini del Concilio: la fine dello stallo nei mesi di giugno e luglio . . 189
    Il sacramento del matrimonio e la riforma generale: luglio-novembre . . 194
    Le ultime convulse settimane . . 204

Epilogo . . 215

Ringraziamenti . . 239

Appendice A : Le venticinque sessioni del Concilio di Trento . . 241
Appendice B : La Professione di fede tridentina . . 245

Abbreviazioni . . 249
Note . . 251

Foreword . . 7
Byzantine Approaches to Warfare (6th - 12th centuries). An Introduction . . 9
The Heraclians and Holy War . . 17
Emperor Constans IPs Intervention in Italy and its Ideological Significance . . 27
Opposition to Iconoclasm as Grounds for Civil War . . 33
The Holiness of the Warrior: Physical and Spiritual Power in the Borderland between Byzantium and Islam . . 41
The Ideology of War in the Military Harangues of Constantine VII Porphyrogennetos . . 47
War and Nation-building in Widukind of Corvey's Deeds of the Saxons . . 57
Conceptions of War and Peace in Anna Comnena's Alexiad . . 69
1176 - A Byzantine Crusade? . . 81
Niketas Choniates and the Image of the Enemy after the Latin Capture of Constantinople . . 87
Reflections on Byzantine War Ideology in Late Byzantium . . 99
Civilians as Combatants in Byzantium: Ideological versus Practical Considerations . . 109
"Holy War" In Byzantium Twenty Years Later: A Question of Term Definition and Interpretation . . 121

Selected Bibliography . . 133
Index . . 135
Verzeichnis der Autoren . . 139